Quantum battles in attoscience: Following three debates

The field of attoscience has been kickstarted by new advances in laser technology. Research began with studies of three particular processes. First, 'above-threshold ionization' (ATI), describing atoms which are ionized by more than the required number of photons. Second, 'high harmonic generation' (HHG) occurs when a target is illuminated by an intense laser pulse, causing it to emit high-frequency harmonics as a nonlinear response. Finally, 'laser-induced nonsequential double ionization' (NSDI) occurs when the laser field induces correlated dynamics within systems of multiple electrons.

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